<p>Ntumbachushi Falls  are situated on the Ngona River in Luapula Province, Zambia where it runs over the edge of the northern Zambian plateau into the valley of the Luapula River.</p><br>
<p>The main falls occur where the river splits into two channels to form two parallel waterfalls each about 10 m wide with a drop of about 30 m, and separated by a distance of 50 m. A small patch of relict rainforest grows in the spray from the falls. During and immediately after the rainy season, November to April, the water coming over the edge may have a depth of up to 1 m, but in the later dry season the flow may reduce to a produce a bridalveil effect.</p><br>
<p>Ntumbachushi is notable not just for the main falls, however, but for a series of smaller falls and pools stretching for a distance of more than 2 km above the main falls, in a landscape described by many as among the most beautiful in central Africa, with unusual vegetation, rocky outcrops and views over the Luapula valley. The water of the Ngona is filtered by the wetlands (locally called dambos) out of which it drains and is exceptionally clear, affording safe river swimming considered by many visitors to be the best in Zambia.</p><br>
<p>The falls are 22 km from Mbereshi on the tarred Kawambwa road and are reached via a 1 km spur which turns off at the bottom of the escarpment and approaches the bottom of the main falls. A steep path 20 m on the north side of the main falls leads up and over the rocky cliff and continues for 0.5 km to a place nicknamed the beauty spot consisting of two pools below a falls of about 6 m high and 25 m wide in two sections. Above the main falls there are two further falls with a drop exceeding 5 m.</p><br>
<p>There are two shrines close to the main falls where local traditional leaders and healers perform rituals.</p><br>
<p>The Old Pascagoula High School is a building in Pascagoula, Jackson County, Mississippi. It opened in January 1939 and closed in June 1997.</p><br>
<p>Designed by the Gulfport architectural firm of Smith & Olschner, the High School was hailed as the “most modern and complete high school unit in the state.” Housed within the Art Moderne–style building&#39;s 1 ft walls were; 2 auditoriums, a science laboratory, a large library, a music department, a cafeteria, and business and homemaking classrooms. The school, with a final cost of $150,000, was constructed with funding from the Public Works Administration, a Depression-era federal program that was responsible for thousands of public buildings during the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>Currently vacant, the City of Pascagoula wished to demolish the building and send it the way of the similarly styled Pascagoula South Elementary school. Residents of Pascagoula fought this action and saved the structure from the wrecking ball.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Old Pascagoula High School was placed on the 10 most endangered historic places in 2005 by the Mississippi Heritage Trust.</p><br>
<p>As of 2012, the two larger buildings at the Old Pascagoula High School have been renovated into apartments known as Bayside Village Senior Apartments. The larger auditorium (at seating capacity for 755) within the main building is to be restored and may be used for functions by the nearby new high school.</p><br>
<p>Morro Negro is a hill located near the east coast of the island of Boa Vista, Cape Verde. It sits at an of elevation 156 m, and is the easternmost hill or mountain in the nation. The nearest village is Cabeça dos Tarrafes, 5.5 km to the northwest.</p><br>
<h2>Tartaruga Nature Reserve</h2><br>
<p>The area forms a part of a nature reserve named Tartaruga (Tartaruga Nature Reserve, Portuguese: Reserva Natural Tartaruga), rarely known as the Morro Negro Turtle Reserve, Portuguese for turtle which protects the area&#39;s turtle population especially in its beaches. It forms a large space alongside the coast and partly interior that is parallel with its length and width dominating the southeast of the island. Its total area is about 15,000 hectares, of which 1,439 hectares are terrestrial and 13,436 hectares are marine, its length is about 5 km or 3 nautical miles from the shore.</p><br>
<h2>Lighthouse</h2><br>
<p>There is a lighthouse on the hill, one of two such structures on the island. Surrounding the mountain is Ponta do Roque (a rocky point) is its nearest promontory and a beach named Cruzinha Brito. A salinary marsh and a lagoon dominates the southeast of the area.</p><br>
<p>The lighthouse as built around the 1930s. It sits at 151 meters above sea level, it is 11 meters tall and its focal height is 163 meters tall making it the highest in Cape Verde, just a meter above Farol da Ponta de Tumbo near Janela on the island of Santo Antão&#39;s. Its light range is 57 km (31 nmi) making it the longest in the nation.</p><br>
<p>The Kotmale River  is the longest tributary of Mahaweli River. The river begins as the Agra Oya, in the Horton Plains. The Central Plains have an annual rainfall of between 125 and 200 inches a year. The river is approximately 70 km long and drains a basin of about 58,534 ha . The river flows through a traditional area of ancient villages and tea plantations. King Dutugemunu spent his youth here. The Kotmale Oya flows into the Mahaweli shortly at Pallegama. Tributaries of the Kotmale Oya include the Nanu Oya, the Pundalu Oya, the Puna Oya, and the Dambagastalawa Oya.</p><br>
<p>The river was dammed between 1979 and 1985 as part of a hydro-electric project within the Accelerated Mahaweli Ganga scheme. The opening ceremony took place in August 1985. Some 3,000 families had to be relocated top higher ground. The area has a history of geological instability.</p><br>
<p>Sparks Lake is a natural body of water near the crest of the central Cascade Range in Deschutes County in the USA state of Oregon. The lake is about 26 mi west-southwest of Bend along the Cascade Lakes Scenic Byway in Deschutes National Forest. Named for a 19th-century rancher, "Lige" Sparks, the water body is a remnant of a bigger lake that has partly filled with sediment and vegetation.</p><br>
<p>Many of the region&#39;s mountain peaks, such as Mount Bachelor, Three Sisters, and Broken Top, are visible from the lake. Other lakes in the vicinity include Todd, Elk, Hosmer, Blow, and Doris.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>Like many lakes in the region, Sparks Lake does not have any visible outflow. However, the surface level of the lake is below the regional water table; as such, the lake does not technically form an endorheic basin, and thus feeds springs in the surrounding area. The lake and its basin is generally believed to be part of the Deschutes River drainage area, part of the greater Columbia River basin.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>The United States Forest Service maintains a boat launch at Sparks Lake. The site has a parking area, a lake trail, and dispersed camping at locations accessible by boat. A more formal campground run by the Forest Service is nearby along Soda Creek.</p><br>
<p>Sparks Lake supports populations of brook trout and stocked cutthroat trout. Fly fishing is the only kind of angling allowed on the lake. Motorboats may be used for transportation, but fishing is allowed from them only when their motors are turned off.</p><br>
<p>Located in Marysville, California, Ellis Lake is a man-made lake. The lake is bounded by 9th street to the South, B Street to the East, 14th Street to the North and D Street to the West.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ellis Lake was once a spillway of the Feather River. It wasnt until 1924 that the Womens Improvement Club of Marysville commissioned John McClaren, designer of the Golden Gate Park in San Francisco, to turn the swamp into a lake. The project was completed in 1939.</p><br>
<p>The lake was named for Marysville citizen W.T. Ellis, Jr.</p><br>
<p>Work on the lake was completed during the Great Depression through President Franklin Roosevelt&#39;s New Deal Plan.</p><br>
<p>Work included landscaping, construction of two tennis courts and a judging stand, a 20-ft. concrete and native stone bridge connecting the mainland with an island in the lake, a dock and boat landing 39, rubble rock electroliers for night illumination; and the installation of an ornamental fountain and rubble walls on the banks.</p><br>
<p>The Sutter Hock Farm is the first non-Indian settlement in Sutter County, USA established in 1841 by John Augustus Sutter. John Sutters Hock Farm was the first large-scale agricultural settlement in Northern California, composed of grain, cattle, orchards and vineyards. Located on the Feather River, Hock Farm was intended by Sutter to be a retirement location where he would relocate his wife and children. By 1864-65 Sutter could no longer maintain the farm as the California Gold Rush had depleted the area of manpower and Sutter could no longer hire workers due to his dwindling financial situation, squatters looting his beloved property of its cattle and timber and his own son, August Sutter, losing vast amounts of property holdings to swindlers as well as Capt. Sutters own failed business dealings with swindlers and thieves that left him nearly penniless. The Mansion located on Hock Farm was destroyed by an arson fire on June 21, 1865 deliberately set by a vagrant ex-soldier, whom Sutter allowed to loaf around the farm, who retaliated against Sutter for having him bound and whipped after being caught stealing. The blaze destroyed all of Sutter&#39;s personal records of his pioneer life as well as works of art and priceless relics except for a few treasured medals and portraits that Sutter was able to save. Despite the vast land holdings given him by the Mexican government Sutter ultimately lost Hock Farm as well due to the enormous cost of litigation trying to perfect his land titles in the now United States courts. Sutter left Hock Farm and California completely five months after the fire and went to Washington DC to petition congress for redress, where he died in a Pennsylvania hotel room in 1880 never seeing the justice he fought for.</p><br>
<p>The Washburn Park Water Tower poses as a landmark of early 20th-Century architectural achievement within the Tangletown neighborhood in south Minneapolis, Minnesota, and has been doing so for nearly 75 years. Perched on top of one of the highest points in south Minneapolis, the tower is given the privilege to boast its unique location and role as an unofficial "beacon" for incoming planes landing at Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport, yet remains hidden from much of the residents and visitors that pass by the base of the hill each day. This is mainly because large homes and tall oak trees scatter the hillside where the tower resides, and even more so, because of the clustered mess of streets and dead ends that compromise the towers occupancy. Hence the name, Tangletown&#39;.</p><br>
<p>The Washburn Park Water Tower is one of three stone water towers built in Minneapolis during the early 20th-Century. The others are Kenwood Park Water Tower, just west of downtown, and Prospect Park Water Tower, in southeast Minneapolis.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>(This information is taken directly from the plaque at the site. It was erected in 2000 by the Tangletown Neighborhood Association.)</p><br>
<p>The history of the water tower, and of an earlier tower on this site, is closely linked to the Washburn brothers, Cadwallader and William, who initiated the development of the Washburn Park known also as Tangletown.</p><br>
<p>The original tower was built 1893 to supply water for the by the Washburn brothers, Cadwallder and William. Water was pumped from nearby Minnehaha Creek to the tower and then piped to the orphanage at the site where stands today at 50th and Nicollet.The tower was then purchased by the city of Minneapolis and connected to the city water supply in 1915.</p><br>
<p>The tower you see, built in 1932 by the City of Minneapolis, was designed by these professionals, who lived in the neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>Architect: Harry Wild Jones</p><br>
<p>Sculptor: John K. Daniels</p><br>
<p>Construction Engineer: William S Hewett</p><br>
<p>This 110-foot-high tower can hold 1,350,000 gallons nearly eight times the capacity of the old tower. It is drained in the fall and filled in the spring to provide a local head for water pressure throughout south Minneapolis during the summer/</p><br>
<p>Since 1983, the Washburn Water Tower has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places, in recognition of its unique design and monumental sculptures of eagles and the Guardians of Health.</p><br>
<p>As John Olson, president of OLSON, a Minneapolis-based advertising, interactive and PR agency, put it, "Its as good a landmark and touchstone -- and so, maybe, headstone -- as a body can expect from his hometown." Perhaps thats also what Harry Wild Jones had in mind in 1932 when he first put this masterpiece onto paper. Jones, a well-known Minneapolis architect who also designed Butler Square and Lakewood Cemetery Chapel (both of which are in Minneapolis), was well ahead of his time in creating the structurally sound Washburn Park Water Tower. Along with William S. Hewett (an engineer from the Interlachen Bridge project), the two men not only implemented modern hydro-engineering methods to the towers design, but also its very own unique character. The story goes that as Jones was clearing underbrush at his home nearby, which was also in its construction phase, a giant eagle (with nearly an 8 ft wingspan) had attacked him. He had the eagle maimed, captured, and brought to town where it began attracting much attention. In part, he used the eagles extraordinary dimensions (and the artistic skills of John Karl Daniels) to cast eight concrete look-alikes, that now sit atop the tower to watch over their former domain. In addition, eight 18 ft "Guardians of Health" were placed around the tower (one under each eagle), to prevent any bad-tasting or bad-smelling water pollutants from contaminating the water supply, which were believed to be the cause of many typhoid fever outbreaks around that time. Jones&#39;s house is located near the tower. It is hard to see it because of trees and newer houses but at the right angles you can see parts of it. It looks old and castle-like compared to other houses nearby.</p><br>
<p>On October 6, 1983, the water tower was placed on the National Register of Historic Places for the city of Minneapolis. The water tower&#39;s record number is #24362.</p><br>
<p>Howick Hall, a Grade II* listed building in the village of Howick, Northumberland, England, is the ancestral seat of the Earls Grey. It was the home of the Prime Minister Charles, 2nd Earl Grey, after whom the famous tea is named. Howick Hall is the location of the Howick Hall Gardens & Arboretum.</p><br>
<p>Howick has been owned by the Grey family since 1319. A tower house, which once stood on the site and was demolished in 1780, was described in a survey of 1715 as "a most magnificent freestone edifice in a square figure, flat roofed and embattled" and with "a handsome court and gateway on the front".</p><br>
<p>The Hall which stands on the site today was built in 1782 by Newcastle architect, William Newton. The entrance was originally on the south side. The 2nd Earl Grey employed George Wyatt in 1809 to enlarge the house by moving the entrance to the north side, filling out the front hall and the two quadrants linking the house to its wings, and building the first terrace on the south side.</p><br>
<p>A fire destroyed the whole of the interior of the main house in 1926, with all of the contents of the top two floors. It was rebuilt in 1928 to designs by Sir Herbert Baker, who altered the north façade by introducing a portico above the front hall in order to make the house smaller with an open well in the middle, with a rotunda linking the front and back on the ground floor.</p><br>
<p>The family moved out of the main house shortly after the death of the 5th Earl Grey. In 1973 his grandson, Charles Baring, 2nd Baron Howick of Glendale, converted the west wing into a home, where he and his family now live.</p><br>
<p>Meade Island is an uninhabited sand island located about 200 metres from Dirk Hartog Island in the Shark Bay World Heritage Site in Western Australia, and joined to that island at low tide. It has an area of about 800 square metres , and an elevation of two metres .</p><br>
<p>The island&#39;s vegetation is a closed heath, of which the dominant plant species are Nitraria billardierei (Nitre Bush), Scaevola crassifolia (Thick-leaved Fan-flower) and Spinifex longifolius (Beach Spinifex). Other plant species include Exocarpos aphyllus (Leafless Ballart), Rhagodia preissii subsp. obovata, Salsola tragus (Prickly Saltwort), Sonchus oleraceus (Common Sow-thistle), and a species of Pelargonium. Eight species of seabird roost on the island.</p><br>
<p>Steinbrücken Cave  was discovered by the Cambridge University Caving Club on the Loser Plateau in 1999. It is named after a nearby natural arch. The arch is in fact a former entrance to Traungold Cave  which has been developed into a convenient bivouac shelter for cave explorers.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>As of 2006, the cave has six entrances, has passages of 11.7 km in length and a depth of 542m. There are over 380 question marks (unexplored leads) of varying quality in the cave.</p><br>
<p>The position of the first entrance is: Alt: 1812.40 47&deg; latitude, 41.456&deg; longitude.</p><br>
<p>The originally discovered entrance A is primarily used as a route to the deepest part of the cave, a narrow rift of over 500m extent. 32 pitches and climbs are required to reach the terminal sump.</p><br>
<p>Most other explorations begin at entrance E, which leads through an awkward crawl to a 30-metre pitch that has a deposit of snow at the bottom most years. From here extensive horizontal levels of, and can be reached. Descending 150m of the of pitches leads to another horizontal development called. A further 50m of pitches leads to an extensive horizontal development called., the lowest stratigraphical layer of the cave, can then be reached by descending 100m down the Four Pitches of the Apocalypse.</p><br>
<p>There are numerous small caves in the vicinity, including Tunnock Shaft and Hauch Cave. The closest cave of over 10 km extent is Kaninchenhöhle.</p><br>
<p>South Crocker Mountain is a mountain located in Franklin County, Maine. South Crocker Mountain is flanked to the north by Crocker Mountain, and to the southwest by Mount Redington.</p><br>
<p>The northeast and southeast faces of South Crocker Mountain drain into the South Branch of the Carrabassett River, which flows into the Kennebec River, and into the Gulf of Maine. The west face of South Crocker drains into Nash Stream, thence into the South Branch of the Dead River, Flagstaff Lake, the Dead River, another tributary of the Kennebec.</p><br>
<p>The Appalachian Trail, a 2,170 mi National Scenic Trail from Georgia to Maine, traverses the summit of South Crocker Mountain, running north along the ridge to Crocker, and east across Caribou Valley to Sugarloaf Mountain.</p><br>
<p>The Wales and Hamblen Building is a historic commercial building at 260 Main Street in Bridgton, Maine. Built in 1882, it is a fine example of late Italianate architecture, and one of the town&#39;s most architecturally sophisticated commercial buildings. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Wales and Hamblen Building stands on the north side of Main Street (United States Route 302) in the village center of Bridgton, between Depot Street and Portland Road. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboard siding. The front-facing gable is a fully pent gable with a paneled and bracketed cornice, styles repeated on the eave below the gable. The front facade corners are pilastered. The first floor has five bays, with three display windows flanking building and store entrances, and a narrow band of roofing on which is mounted a sign reading "Wales & Hamblen Building". The second floor has three pairs of narrow sash windows, set in segmented-arch openings with moulded surrounds above and panels below. There is an elaborate three-part round-arched window in the gable.</p><br>
<p>The building was constructed in 1882, after a fire destroyed the previous building on the site. It housed the hardware store of Fowler and Wales, which later became Wales and Hamblen. The upper floor houses a meeting hall space that was originally used by the local chapter of the International Order of Odd Fellows, which was discontinued in 1962. A rear ell was used for a number of years as a tin shop. In the late 1980s the building facade underwent a careful restoration.</p><br>
<p>Corinium Dobunnorum was the Romano-British settlement at Cirencester in the present-day English county of Gloucestershire. Its 2nd-century walls enclosed the second-largest area of a city in Roman Britain. It was the tribal capital of the Dobunni and is usually thought to have been the capital of the Diocletian-era province of First Britain .</p><br>
<h2>Roman fort</h2><br>
<p>A Roman fort was established at Corinium in the territory of the friendly tribe of the Dobunni about a year after the Roman conquest of Britain. The main settlement in the area at the time was the hillfort at Bagendon. Three main Roman roads met in Corinium: the Fosse Way, Akeman Street, and Ermin Street.</p><br>
<h2>Tribal capital</h2><br>
<p>By the mid-70s CE, the military had abandoned the fort and the site became the tribal capital (civitas) of the Dobunni. Over the next twenty years, a street grid was laid out and the town was furnished with an array of large public stone buildings, two market places, and numerous shops and private houses. The forum and basilica were bigger than any other in Britain, apart from Londiniums. The basilica was decorated with beautifully carved Corinthian capitals, Italian marble wall veneers and Purbeck marble mouldings. Unfortunately, it was built over the ditch of the old fort and the walls cracked and sank, forcing a major rebuilding project in the mid-2nd century. There appears to have been a cattle market adjoining the forum with a market hall and several butchers shops. A system of wooden water pipes indicates there was also an aqueduct but no public baths have been identified. The amphitheatre stood to the south-east of the town in the area now called the Querns. It was built on the site of an old quarry aligned with the street grid, an unusual feature.</p><br>
<p>As yet, no temples have been located, although numerous fine sculptures show much religious activity in the town. The missing Christian bishop represented by a deacon at the Council of Arles in 314 may come from Corinium.</p><br>
<p>The town was fortified in the late 2nd century. There were five gates and polygonal towers were later added to the walls. About fifty years after their construction, there appears to have been a partial collapse and the complex was largely rebuilt to include small chambers around the circuit. These may have been animal pens, convict cells, or small shrines.</p><br>
<p>Corinium seems to have been the home to a number of very early private stone houses of wealthy individuals. Some date from the 110s. Such buildings continued to be built and occupied throughout the life of the town, but were particularly luxurious during the 4th century, when mosaic floors and fine sculpture were much in evidence. It has been suggested that the town was the centre of both a stone-carving industry, under a certain Sulinus son of Brucetus, and a mosaic industry with two schools of art, based on images of the saltire and Orpheus. There were also bakers, glass makers, blacksmiths and goldsmiths within the walls.</p><br>
<h2>Provincial capital</h2><br>
<p>Development continued until the 4th century. It remains unclear just where the Diocletian-era provinces of the Diocese of "the Britains" were located, but Corinium is now usually thought to have been the capital of Britannia Prima.</p><br>
<h2>Decline</h2><br>
<p>Around the time of the Roman withdrawal from Britain in 410, the town walls were repaired and the forum continued to be regularly cleaned. It was finally abandoned around 430. The amphitheatre was the site of a large timber building associated with 5th and 6th-century pottery. It may have been the fortified retreat of King Cyndyddan who fought at the Battle of Dyrham in 577.</p><br>
<h2>Remains</h2><br>
<p>The grass-covered bowl of the amphitheatre, also known as the "Bull Ring", is in the care of English Heritage.</p><br>
<p>A small section of the old Roman wall can be seen in the Abbey Park.</p><br>
<p>A large collection of artefacts from Corinium are on display in the Corinium Museum, Cirencester.</p><br>
<h2>In fiction</h2><br>
<p>In Robert E. Howards story "Men of the Shadows", taking place at the time of Roman rule in Britain, a rich merchant of Corinium offers a thousand pieces of gold to anyone who would deliver to him the beautiful sister of Bran Mak Morn, King of the Picts. However, five hundred Roman soldiers who set out across Hadrians Wall, seeking to gain the reward, are ambushed by the Picts and killed.</p><br>
<p>Karaca Cave  is a network of caves located near the town of Torul in Gümüşhane Province, Turkey.</p><br>
<p>Although the cave was known to the people living in that region, it became open to tourism as a result of the scientific research conducted by Sukru Eroz, a geological engineer from Cebeli Village, between the years 1983-1990. Prof. Dr. Remzi Dilek and his team from the Department of Geological Engineering at the (Karadeniz Technical University) contributed a lot of research and scientific studies of the cave. As a result of these studies, it was opened to tourism in 1996 after the Ministry of Culture and Tourism was informed and the cave was officially registered.</p><br>
<h2>Location of the cave</h2><br>
<p>Karaca Cave is surrounded by the borders of the village Cebeli in Torul. It is 17 km far away from the city center at an elevation of 1,550 m high above sea level. The cave attracts the most tourists in Gumushane.</p><br>
<p>The cave can be reached by following the 4 km road, which branches off from the 12th km of the Gumushane-Trabzon highway. There are restaurants and other small stores located near the cave.</p><br>
<h2>Characteristics</h2><br>
<p>In the area extending between Gümüşhane and Torul, there are extensive formations consisting of various types of extrusive, igneous rock, including andesitic and basaltic lavas, tuffs and agglomerates. The total thickness of these deposits reaches 1,000 m. These igneous strata are interleaved with sedimentary layers, varying in thickness between 100 and and consisting of limestone and certain other types of sedimentary rock. The Karaca Cave formed in one of these layers of highly-fissured, massive limestone sandwiched between volcanics.</p><br>
<p>Karaca Cave is rich in dripstone formations of many different shapes and colours, including stalactites, stalagmites, and travertines. There are also many cave roses located on certain of the travertines and stalagmites.</p><br>
<p>Some of the dripstone pools are very large - particularly those in the inner parts of the cave, which range up to 1 m in depth.</p><br>
<p>The travertines vary in colour from white to dark blue, revealing the presence of high levels of iron and magnesium minerals in the cave waters.</p><br>
<p>The cave system is disposed more or less in a level plane and consists of four interconnected caverns. Two of these caverns are further subdivided by walls composed of dripstone, and it could thus be argued that Karaca comprises not four but six chambers.</p><br>
<p>The height of the cave entrance is about 1.8 m - the height of an average man - but, as one moves deeper into the interior increases steadily, the cave opening out into a funnel shape. The cave is roughly 105 m in length, averages 18 m in height and has a total floor area of 1,500 m&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>There is no stream in Karaca, water percolating through fissures in the roof of the cave being responsible for the formation of the dripstones. Such water as persists within the cave is in the form of various ponds and pools. The ponds at the entrance of the third and fourth caverns contain a considerable volume of water.</p><br>
<p>There is no significant air circulation in the cave, with the result that the level of humidity in its atmosphere increases from around 65% at the entrance to up to 75% in the cave&#39;s interior. The air inside the cave is cooler than that outside it in summertime and warmer in winter. Because of this, it is considered to have a microclimate of its own.</p><br>
<p>The Karaca Cave has been open to visitors since 1996.</p><br>
<p>The Masonic Temple Lodge No. 420 is a building in the Ogle County, Illinois city of Oregon. It has historically been known as 628-628 S. Fourth St. The building is one of several in the 100 Block of Oregon&#39;s South Fourth Street that is a contributing property to the Oregon Commercial Historic District, some others include the buildings at 125 S. Fourth St. and 127 S. Fourth St. As part of the historic district the Temple Lodge is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as of August 2006.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>At the apex of the building is a low pitched, triangular parapet/pediment. A central raised shield above the parapet is etched with the date "1900" as well as the Masonic emblem. Around the pediment is more ivory brick work, dentils and three corbelled courses. Dangling from the second story of the building, above the door, is a milk glass globe sign emblazoned with the lodge number, the Masonic symbol and a building dedication.</p><br>
<p>Most of the buildings original doorways have been altered. On the buildings interior is a main central staircase in a two story entrance bay which leads to the upper floor. The entrance to the second floor, beyond the main central staircase, consists of a low ogee arch over a solid wood door. A lower transom is etched with the Masonic symbol.</p><br>
<p>The Hemingway-Pfeiffer House, also known as the Pfeiffer House and Carriage House, is a historic house museum at 10th and Cherry Streets in Piggott, Arkansas. It is where novelist Ernest Hemingway wrote portions of his novel, A Farewell to Arms. Hemingway was married to Pauline Pfeiffer, the daughter of the owners of the house, Paul and Mary Pfeiffer.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>Pauline Pfeiffer, Hemingways second wife, had grown up in the home. Her uncle Gustavus Pfeiffer was a benefactor of the couple, even financing an African safari trip that inspired Hemingways The Green Hills of Africa.</p><br>
<p>Hemingway did his writing in a barn behind the home which he converted into a writing studio. The space is decorated with items which would have been found in the studio when Hemingway used it.</p><br>
<h2>Modern use</h2><br>
<p>The house is now the home of Arkansas State Universitys Hemingway-Pfeiffer Museum and Educational Center. The mission statement of the center is to "contribute to the regional, national and global understanding of the 1920s and 1930s eras by focusing on the internationally connected Pfeiffer family, of Piggott, Arkansas, and their son-in-law Ernest Hemingway." The center is also the visitors center for the Crowley&#39;s Ridge Parkway.</p><br>
<p>The property also includes the Matilda and Karl Pfeiffer Education Center, a Tudor-style home where Pauline&#39;s brother and his wife lived before it was opened to the public in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The Soldiers&#39; Monument is a memorial consisting of three statues, one in bronze and two in marble by sculptor Lorado Taft, grouped around an exedra designed by the architectural firm of Pond and Pond. It is located in Oregon, Illinois, the county seat of Ogle County, Illinois. It was dedicated in 1916. The sculpture is part of the Oregon Commercial Historic District. The district was designated and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in August 2006.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>This example of public art is located just off Illinois Route 64 as it passes through Oregon. It sits on the southeast side of the Old Ogle County Courthouse square.</p><br>
<h2>Monument</h2><br>
<h3>Description</h3><br>
<p>The Soldiers&#39; Monument was constructed, on the approval of the Ogle County Board in 1916, for no more than $21,000. Today (2007), this example of the work of Lorado Taft is estimated to be worth over $1,000,000. sculpted the central female figure in bronze.</p><br>
<h3>Interpretation</h3><br>
<p>The center female bronze figure, holding the laurel wreaths, represents America. The soldier on the south side of the monument is an infantryman and is staring north, toward home. The other soldier, on the north half of the installation, is a cavalry soldier, he is looking south, with his hand on the hilt of his sword. The cavalry soldier is looking toward battle.</p><br>
<p>Sandy Island is the name of a small unincorporated community in Georgetown County, South Carolina, United States, and a larger island between the Pee Dee and Waccamaw Rivers that has been preserved as a refuge and nature center.</p><br>
<p>The island is about 9,000 acres (36 km²) of a prehistoric sand dune. It is bounded east and west by the rivers, on the north by Bull Creek, and on the south by Thoroughfare Creek.</p><br>
<p>The northern part of the island is higher and is mostly a longleaf pine forest, which provides a refuge for the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker and numerous other species of plants and animals. About 9,000 acres (36 km²) of the island has been purchased by The Nature Conservancy for permanent protection from development.</p><br>
<p>On the southern, lower end of the island are the remnants of old rice plantations, with the watergates and earthwork canals, built by African slaves skilled in rice culture. Such development was used to manage the water supply for irrigating the rice fields. A small community in the south is made up of a few families who are descendants of former slaves. The island is only accessible by boat, and workers and school children commute to the mainland daily for work and school.</p><br>
<p>Because of its resources, the island is regularly visited by naturalists, planters, archaeologists and geologists. Brookgreen Gardens runs daily "scenic" boat rides close to the island. Tours of the southern end are available by private tour company.</p><br>
<p>The Pomier Caves are a series of 55 caves located north of San Cristobal in the south of the Dominican Republic. They contain the largest collection of rock art in the Caribbean created since 2,000 years ago primarily by the Taíno people but also the Carib people and the Igneri, the pre-Columbian indigenous inhabitants of the Bahamas, Greater Antilles, and some of the Lesser Antilles. These caves have been damaged by the uncontrolled mining of limestone nearby.</p><br>
<h2>Importance</h2><br>
<p>Archaeologists have described the importance of preserving these caves which were first discovered in 1851. The caves contain approximately 6,000 drawings, carvings and pictographs of birds, fish, reptiles, and human figures. The paintings were drawn with charcoal mixed with animal fat. Archaeologists say that the paintings have been protected by the natural humidity provided by the depth of the caves as they extend down to 1,000 feet below sea level.</p><br>
<h2>Protection</h2><br>
<p>In 1996, the Anthropological Reserve of Cuevas de Borbón in San Cristóbal was enlarged to protect the El Pomier caves from limestone quarrying. This raised their protection category, and included them in the National System of Protected Areas, through the General Law on Environmental and Natural Resources, Law 64-00, which also gave instructions to the Secretariat de Estate supervising its application.</p><br>
<p>Given the international importance of these caves for the study of Amerindian groups that inhabited the Caribbean Islands for nearly 8,000 years prior to the arrival of western culture, the caves are being considered for the unique category of Capital Prehistoric De Las Antillas (Prehistoric Capital of the Antilles) and the rehabilitation of one of its caves and its surrounding area to match this new category.</p><br>
<p>Indian Island or Duluwat Island is located on Humboldt Bay within the city of Eureka, California. The village of Tolowot or Tuluwat on Duluwat Island where the 1860 Wiyot Massacre took place. It has also been called Gunther Island, and is the site of a National Historic Landmark which encompasses the midden at Gunther Island Site 67.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The island is the largest of three islands located between the Samoa and Eureka Channels within Humboldt Bay and primarily consists of tidal marsh. Over time, human habitation on the island changed its topography, in part due to a process known as shell mounding, which increased the elevation of the island as Wiyot continually placed shells remaining from subsistence fishery management in the same location over a period of centuries.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Early history</h3><br>
<p>The indigenous Wiyot lived in Tolowot village on Duluwat Island long enough to alter the topography by the accumulation of shell fragments in middens, and the island became tall enough to be visible on the horizon from several miles away.</p><br>
<p>A non-degree student and employee of the University of California Llewellyn Lemont Loud (1879-1946) conducted archaeological excavations of the island in 1918 that showed evidence of habitation since around 900 AD. The group of artifacts he excavated and described became known as the Gunther Pattern or Gunther Phase which encompasses the final phase of native dominance lasting until historic times and describes a style of Native American projectile points, grave goods and other archaeological remains which identify a second migration within California around 300 AD. The first major evidence of this came from Gunther Island Site 67 on Indian Island.</p><br>
<h3>1860 massacre</h3><br>
<p>On February 26, 1860, about one hundred Wiyot men, women and children were massacred during a World Renewal Ceremony. The massacre was carried out by European immigrants who had settled in the area since 1850 as part of the California Gold Rush. There were few survivors.</p><br>
<h3>European settlement</h3><br>
<p>Robert Gunther acquired the island in 1860, three days before the massacre, giving it the name it had for much of recent history. Gunther diked the island and ran dairy cattle there for nearly 40 years.</p><br>
<p>In the 1870s a shipyard repair facility was constructed. The shipyard operated until the 1980s.</p><br>
<h3>Modern era</h3><br>
<p>In 1971 Caltrans built a series of bridges (known collectively as the Samoa Bridge), which cross Humboldt Bay and now directly connect the city of Eureka with the peninsula. Two of these bridges have footings on Indian Island.</p><br>
<p>Every year since 1992, the Wiyot people and supporters come to the island on the last Saturday in February to heal the community, and remember the human lives lost at the time of the Massacre. Every year participation has increased at the vigil on a nearby island.</p><br>
<p>In June 2004, 67 acre of land was repatriated back into Wiyot hands. The city of Eureka, California, transferred the area towards the Wiyot&#39;s goal to see the Wiyot dance the World Renewal ceremony again on the island.</p><br>
<p>The city of Eureka and the Wiyot Tribe have installed temporary erosion control system to mitigate erosion on the site. Contamination from the shipyard activities will need to be cleaned up prior to the development of a new Wiyot dance facility.</p><br>
<p>Mount Elephant is a 240 m conical breached scoria cone formed by a dormant volcano, located 1 km from the town of Derrinallum in southwestern Victoria, Australia. It is a prominent landmark that forms the eastern gateway to the Kanawinka Geopark from the Hamilton Highway at Derrinallum.</p><br>
<h2>Formation and history</h2><br>
<p>Scoria cones are small volcanoes with relatively steep sides, usually formed as the result of a single major episode of volcanic activity. Lava lakes often form in the centre of scoria cones; if the lava in such a lake breaches the side of the cone, the result is a breached scoria cone, such as Mount Elephant. There are approximately 200 breached scoria cones in Victoria.</p><br>
<p>Mount Elephant was once quarried for its red/black scoria, and evidence of the quarry is visible at the base of its cone. The scoria that was quarried from Mount Elephant was used to make many of the roads and buildings in and around the town of Derrinallum.</p><br>
<p>The volcano is thought to have last erupted between 5,000 and 20,000 years ago making Mount Elephant dormant. During early European settlement, the mountain was known as Swagman&#39;s Lighthouse. The mountain was privately owned until 2000, when it was purchased by the Trust for Nature and the local community. The aim is to revegetate the area and promote local tourism.</p><br>
<h2>In Aboriginal life</h2><br>
<p>In the nineteenth century, an Aboriginal name for Mount Elephant, Gerinyelam, was recorded by a colonist.</p><br>
<p>During European colonization in 1830s, Mount Elephant was located within the territory of a Djargurd Wurrung clan, Teerinyillum gundidj.</p><br>
<p>According to James Dawson, "The Mount Shadwell tribe and its language are called Kirae wuurong, blood lip with Kuurndit affixed for a member of the tribe. Its territory commences at the Hopkins Hill sheepwash on the Hopkins River, and extends to Mount Fyans, Mount Elephant, Cloven Hills, Minninguurt, Mount Noorat, Keilambete Lake, Framlingham aboriginal station, and up the east side of the Hopkins River to starting point."</p><br>
<p>The photographer, Fred Kruger (1831-1888) took a photograph of King Tom, a survivor of the "Mount Elephant Tribe", at Coranderrk Settlement in the Yarra Valley (see Board for protection of Aborigines Album No. 131, Museum of Victoria.). King Tom lived at Meningoort Station, about 25 km south-west of Mount Elephant, north of Camperdown and west of Lake Bookaar. His mia-mia was near the homestead, and was painted by Robert Dowling in 1856. The painting, entitled "Aborigines in a bark hut: King Tom of the Mount Elephant tribe", is in the collection of the National Library of Australia. Meningoort Station still exists in Corangamite Shire and has remained in the McArthur family since Scottish immigrant, Peter McArthur, squatted on the land in 1837.</p><br>
<p>According to the Trust for Nature, "Even well before early European settlement, the local Indigenous community, the Djerrinallum gundidj, reputedly knew Mount Elephant as Djerrinallum – meaning Hill of Fire. With their presence and a local history dating back as far as 45,000 years the Indigenous peoples of the area will certainly have witnessed a few of the eruptions in the region, including Mount Elephant. Therefore, it is of little wonder that some feature prominently in local Dreaming stories."</p><br>
<p>Djurgårdsbrunnsviken is a bay in central Stockholm, Sweden, together with the canal Djurgårdsbrunnskanalen forming the northern shore line of the island Djurgården . The bridge Djurgårdsbron stretches over the bay.</p><br>
<p>Historically known as a good fishing ground, Djurgårdsbrunnsviken, also known as the Bay of Sweden, is today popular for bathing in summer. The bay was used for the diving, swimming (including the part for the modern pentathlon event), water polo and rowing competitions during the 1912 Summer Olympics, and during the Swedish championship 1930.</p><br>
<p>On the north shore of the bay are a great number of embassies and several museums, including The National Maritime Museum (Sjöhistoriska museet), the Ethnographical Museum (Etnografiska museet), and the Technical Museum (Tekniska museet). On the south shore are the open-air museum Skansen, the Rosendal Palace (Rosendals slott).</p><br>
<p>Al Harrah is a large basaltic volcanic field in northwestern Saudi Arabia near the Jordanian border. It covers an area of 15,200 km. The volcanic field forms the southern third of the massive Harrat Ash Shamah  volcanic field, which extends from Syria through Jordan into northern Saudi Arabia. It is in Tabuk Region of Northwest Saudi Arabia. It is 1660 m in height ASL and one of a series of Quaternary volcanic fields paralleling the Red Sea coast.</p><br>
<p>The Saudi Arabian portion of the Harrat Ash Shamah volcanic field extends across a 210-km-long, roughly 75-km-wide NW-SE-trending area on the NE flanks of the Wadi Sirhan and reaches its 1100-metre high point at Jabal al Amud.</p><br>
<p>Activity began during the Miocene; a younger eruptive stage, at the SE end of the volcanic field, occurred during the late-Pleistocene and Holocene. It is known to have erupted in historic times. Vegetation is characteristically open acacia shrubland with patches of juniper bush at higher altitudes</p><br>
<p>The Harrat al-Shamah  is a volcanic field covering a total area of some 40,000 km&sup2;. This massive alkaline volcanic field extends from southern Syria, across Jordan and into northwestern Saudi Arabia.This wide extended basaltic province contains more than 800 volcanic cones and around 140 dikes and ring dikes.</p><br>
<p>The Jabal al-Druze, al-Safa and Dirat al-Tulul volcanic fields (among others) form the northern, Syrian, part of the Harrat al-Shamah; al-Harrah is in the southern, Saudi Arabian, third of the field.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>*Ibrahim, K. (1993) "The geological framework for the Harrat Ash-Shaam Basaltic Super-Group and its volcanotectonic evolution" Bulletin 24, Geological Mapping Division, Natural Resources Authority, Jordan</p><br>
<p>*Ilani, S., Harlavan, Y., Tarawneh, K., Rabba, I., Weinberger, R., Khalil, I., and Peltz, S., (2001) "New K-Ar ages of basalts from the Harrat Ash Shaam volcanic field in Jordan: Implications for the span and duration of the upper-mantle upwelling beneath the western Arabian plate" Geology 29(2):171-174</p><br>
<p>*Kempe, S. and Al-Malabeh, A., (2005), "http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU05/03204/EGU05-J-03204.pdf Newly discovered lava tunnels of the Al-Shaam plateau basalts" Geophysical Research Abstracts 7, European Geosciences Union</p><br>
<p>*Salf, S.I., (1988) "Field and petrographic characteristics of Cenozoic basaltic rocks, Northwestern Saudi Arabia" Journal of African Earth Sciences 7(5):805-809</p><br>
<p>*Weinstein, Y., Navon, O., Altherr, R., and Stein, M., (2006) "The role of lithospheric mantle heterogeneity in the generation of Plio-Pleistocene alkali basalt suites from NW Harrat Ash Shaam (Israel)" Journal of Petrology 47(5):1017-1050</p><br>
<p>*Al Kwatli, M.A., Gillot, P.Y., Zeyen, H., Hildenbrand, A., and Al Gharib, I., 2012. Volcano-tectonic evolution of the northern part of the Arabian plate in the light of new K-Ar ages and remote sensing: Harrat Ash Shaam volcanic province (Syria).Tectonophysics, 580, 192-207.</p><br>
<p>Isbladskärret is a small lake on Djurgården, an island in central Stockholm, Sweden. The lake is much appreciated among bird-watchers, and, being part of the Royal National City Park, also carefully monitored by several organizations, including the World Wide Fund for Nature. The lake is one of six in Djurgården , the others being Lillsjön, Uggleviken, Spegeldammen, Lappkärret, and Laduviken.</p><br>
<h2>Origin of the name</h2><br>
<p>The name is derived from a small hunters lodge located near the present lake. In historical records documenting fishing grounds on Djurgården during the 17th century, the lodge is unintelligibly called Isbla. The same lodge also gave name to a bay, Isbladsviken. Most Stockholmers today are likely to interpret the name as Is-blads-kärret ("The Ice Leaf Marsh").</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area was originally a marsh separating the northern and southern parts of Djurgården until the 1830s when the canal Djurgårdsbrunnskanalen was built. By the turn of the century 1900, Prince Carl (1861–1951) settle at Parkudden nearby and had the swamp drained. The surrounding area was then used for agriculture until the 1950s, but the pumping-station remained in use until the Royal Djurgården Administration decided to develop the area in 1981 to attracts birds and plant life and closed to pump. Within a year sea birds had found the lake and more than 70 species have been spotted by the lake since, as a sign in the northern end of the lake knowns to tell. Footpaths and outlooks have been created around the lake since.</p><br>
<h2>Birds</h2><br>
<p>The large number of bird species have made the lake and the surrounding area popular among Stockholmers and tourists alike. The lake area is mostly famous for its colony of more than 100 herons (all originating from birds that once escaped from the zoo at Skansen), but the surrounding walks in the forests are also known for the tawny owl found there.</p><br>
<p>Bird species with an annual presences by the lake include: Great crested grebe, Slavonian grebe, black-headed gull, tufted duck, gadwall, northern shoveler, wigeon, Eurasian coot, common moorhen, common goldeneye, Ardea, greylag goose, Canada goose, barnacle goose, wood warbler, European pied flycatcher, thrush nightingale, Eurasian nuthatch, common treecreeper, European robin, hawfinch, willow warblers, whitethroat, common chaffinch, blue tit, European goldfinch, great spotted woodpecker, dunlin, greenshank, northern lapwing, ruff, and European green woodpecker. Less common are icterine warbler, marsh warbler, sedge warbler, Eurasian wren, and lesser spotted woodpecker.</p><br>
<p>MacDonald Pass, el.6,312 ft,  is a mountain pass on the continental divide west of Helena, Montana that is traversed by USA Route 12. The pass is one of three passes  used in the 1870s-80s for travel between Helena and Deer Lodge, Montana over the continental divide.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1864, when the Montana Territory was established, the territorial legislative assembly had limited funds to build roads in the territory, so toll roads were authorized to shift funding to private operators. The MacDonald road originated as part of a toll road authorized by Territorial Governor Green Clay Smith and built in 1867 by French Canadian Constant Guyot. Guyot ran a hay ranch along the Little Blackfoot River just east of Elliston, Montana. At the time the road was known as "The Frenchwomans Road" because it was managed by Guyots wife who operated a hostel at the west end of the road near Dog Creek. The hostel could sleep 30 men and Madame Guyot charged $2 for staying overnight and $1 per meal.</p><br>
<p>In August 1868, Madame Guyot was found murdered and robbed of $6,000 in gold dust in the hostel. Although Deer Lodge County posted a $500 reward, no one was ever brought to justice for the murder. Constant Guyot, a drunkard and known to mistreat his wife, was considered a prime suspect but was never charged with the crime. According to local folklore, Guyot admitted murdering his wife after he left the region. Travelers believed the hostel was haunted with the ghost of Madame Guyot. Shortly after the murder, Elijah M. "Lige" Dunphy, a local sawmill owner, bought the rights to the toll road and hired a Canadian emigrant, Alexander "Red" MacDonald, to manage the road. MacDonald contracted with a stage line, Gilmer, Salisbury and Company to use the road while supplying meals and lodging to travelers at the hostel.</p><br>
<p>In 1876-77, MacDonald turned over management of the road to Valentine Priest who later in 1879 built a competing road over Priest Pass. MacDonald acquired full ownership of the road from Dunphy in 1879. In 1885, because of declining use, MacDonald sold all his interests in the toll road.</p><br>
<p>In 1889, after Montana achieved statehood, Lewis and Clark and Deer Lodge Counties revoked the toll road license for both the MacDonald and Priest Pass routes and made them public roads. Between 1889 and 1912, both Priest and MacDonald&#39;s roads were left to decay and only the Mullan Pass route was maintained. In 1912, Lewis and Clark and Powell County authorities contracted with the Montana State Prison to use convict labor to repair and improve the old MacDonald road. Throughout the 1920s, the state and county authorities debated which route between Helena and Deer Lodge&ndash;Mullan Pass, Priest Pass or MacDonald&ndash;should receive improvements. In 1927, the MacDonald road became part of the USA Federal Highway system as a section of USA Route 10 North. In 1931, the Montana Highway Department and the Federal Bureau of Public Roads funded an $89,000 project to construct a new road over MacDonald pass. The project was completed in 1932 and the road was completely paved by 1935. The road was widened to four lanes in the 1970s. MacDonald Pass and USA Route 12 remains the shortest east-west highway link between Helena and communities on Interstate 90 from Anaconda to Missoula and points west.</p><br>
<h2>Mountain ration</h2><br>
<p>On November 28, 1942, the elite 1st Special Service Force tried out the Mountain ration for the first time, during a training patrol to MacDonald Pass.</p><br>
<p>"At 1400 hours all company commanders and one other officer from each company and a few others left by truck for MacDonald Pass to try living under winter conditions and try a new mountain ration...On arrival at the selected spot the party broke up into groups of four and built shelters and fires of many different types. The Mountain ration, which comes in four varieties, is packed in boxes, each box containing the rations of 4 men for 3 meals, this proved to be more than the average man could eat. They included powdered soup and milk, canned meat and butter, cereal, chocolate, biscuits, compressed fruits, sugar, tea and coffee and powdered lemon."</p><br>
<p>The Étang de Saint-Quentin, or pond of Trappes, with a surface of approximately 2.5 km², is the largest body of fresh water in Yvelines. It on in the perimeter of the new town of Saint-Quentin-in-Yvelines, in the commune of Trappes and Montigny-le-Bretonneux. The lake an important base of outdoor recreation. To the west of the lake a national natural reserve of 0.87 km² was established in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Étang de Saint-Quentin is an artificial lake created by Sebastien Prestre, Lord of Vauban in 1685 to form part of an engineering work intended to feed water, by gravity, to the park of Versailles. The lake is 160 metres above sea level. A series of drains and aqueducts connected the lake to other ponds upstream, and downstream to the park of the castle of Versailles, at 110 metres above sea level. The construction of the new city demolished the aqueducts to Versailles.</p><br>
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<p>The small Taxerhof Lake  is located on a height of 827 m approx. 2 km southern above the village of Ampass in the district Innsbruck Land, Tyrol, Austria.</p><br>
<p>On the one hand the lake is mainly used for raising fishes and bathing is not allowed. On the other hand, the Lake is the rest of a humid biotope and was declared a nature reserve by Ampass. On the shores reed regions, humid meadows with some rare plant communities can be found.</p><br>
<p>(e.g.: small sedges and black alders). The Lake is also a retreat area for rare birds such as heron and wagtail.</p><br>
<p>Mainly kinds of carp and trout are bred. The lake has a good water quality between A and B grade. It is fed by groundwater and supply pipe of the near Taxer spring.</p><br>
<p>Myers Wood is a wooded area in the village of Kirkburton, West Yorkshire, England. It forms part of a heavily forested area to the west of the village, occupying the rise in the valley leading up to Storthes Hall and beyond. It is directly west of the main Penistone Road, opposite Riley. Saville Wood is directly south, close to Thunderbridge. Local residents consider the wood to be of poor quality due to the absence of woodland management.</p><br>
<p>The wood is famous for the discovery of an iron-working site dating from the Middle Ages. Archaeological excavations by a team from the University of Bradford uncovered the most complete site in the north of England. The Cistercian monastic iron-working site was in operation from the 12th century to the 14th century, using advanced techniques and water power for smelting and smithing iron. The site is not a tourist feature, there being no formal administration or oversight by a heritage body; however, it is possible to access the site via the footpath that runs through Saville Wood.</p><br>
<p>Madewood Plantation House, also known as Madewood, is a former sugarcane plantation house on Bayou Lafourche, near Napoleonville, Louisiana. It is located approximately two miles east of Napoleonville on Louisiana Highway 308. A National Historic Landmark, the 1846 house is architecturally significant as the first major work of Henry Howard, and as one of the finest Greek Revival plantation houses in the American South.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Madewood Plantation House is located on the northern bank of Bayou Lafourche, on manicured grounds separated from the bayou by Highway 308. It is a two story masonry structure, built with massive brick walls that have been finished with stucco scored to resemble stone blocks. Its five-bay facade is fronted by a six-column Greek Revival temple front, that has Ionic columns rising to a broad entablature and fully pedimented gable with a half-round louver at the center. The second-level gallery has a delicate carved balustrade. The main block is flanked on the right by a rectangular ell, and the left by an L-shaped one that extends beyond the rear of the main block. The interior exhibits high quality woodwork, mostly cypress, with some of it painted to resemble other materials, such as marble, oak, and other exotic woods.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The mansion was built for the Colonel Thomas Pugh in 1846 and was designed by architect Henry Howard in Greek Revival style. The house was originally the manor house for a 10,000 acre sugar plantation.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Pugh was the half brother of William Whitmell Hill Pugh who owned the Woodlawn plantation and Alexander Franklin Pugh who was part owner of the Augustin, Bellevue, Boatner, and New Hope plantations. Thomas Pugh died of yellow fever in 1852. During the Civil War, the lawns were used by Union troops as a hospital.</p><br>
<p>The Madewood house was purchased by Harold Marshall in 1964 and underwent major restoration that was completed in 1978. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Today it is run as a tourist attraction and a bed and breakfast.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>The plantation has been featured in several film and television productions, including A Woman Called Moses, Sister, Sister, and the 2017 Sofia Coppola version of The Beguiled.</p><br>
<p>In 2007 it was reported to be an intended site of filming for Clinton Kelly&#39;s Mind Your Manners for TLC, The Learning Channel.</p><br>
<p>Portions of Beyonce&#39;s visual album Lemonade were also filmed at the location.</p><br>
<p>The old Schiller Piano Company, also known as Conover Square, is located in Oregon, Illinois the county seat of Ogle County. The company was founded in 1890 and remained in operation until 1971. The company produced many thousands of pianos through the years and in 1936 the company merged with the Cable Piano Company and produced pianos under the name Cable and Conover. The company&#39;s 120,000 ft&sup2, stucco clad factory and its iron water tower base still stands in Oregon and both are considered contributing properties to the USA National Register of Historic Places Oregon Commercial Historic District. In 1975 the facility was converted into the Conover Square Shopping Mall and has remained so ever since.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Schiller Piano Company, which was historically the largest industry in Ogle County, was founded around 1890. When founded, the company was located at the northwest corner of Oregons Second and Washington Streets. The Schiller Piano Company was started using money from Oregon resident and the first president of the company, F.G. Jones. Jones was not active in the companys management until 1895 when he reportedly left his well-established mercantile business to take an active position at the piano company as general manager and president of the factory. Sources conflict as to whether Jones actually left his mercantile interests behind, which included work as the president of the Oregon Electric Light and Power Company and Oregon Machine and Foundry. In addition the Schiller Company owned an interest in the Power Company and two Jones sons, George H. and Edgar B., held management positions with the firm.</p><br>
<p>Maps from 1893 show the Schiller Piano Company, identified as the Oregon Piano Company, in much smaller facilities along Franklin Street. By 1899 maps show that the company moved into slightly expanded facilities in the same location, as the map shows minor expansion along the west end of the facility. Maps in 1905 show the larger, present-day factory with the original structure, identified as the Oregon Piano Factory, still extant on the building&#39;s south side.</p><br>
<p>Located immediately to the north of the piano company was a large, gable-roof grain elevator owned by the Neola Elevator Corporation. North of Neola was another elevator, owned by Oregon Cereal Company. Facing Third Street, standing in front of the Neola company, was an agricultural supply store. By 1913 the store had disappeared and the Schiller Company&#39;s iron water tower was erected near its former location.</p><br>
<p>In a little over ten years the Schiller Company had clients in the United States, Canada, Hawaii and Italy; by 1909 it employed 300 people and had manufactured 40,000 pianos.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and design</h2><br>
<p>The Schiller Piano Company factory building&#39;s rear, Franklin Street, wing was constructed in 1893.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s long south facade stretches ten bays as the ground slopes toward the river. All of the south bays feature one over one single-hung sash windows on each story except for bays four, seven and eight, which are windowless. The south facade also features piers with iron buttresses as well as a third bay dock door.</p><br>
<p>The base of what was once the Schiller Piano Companys water tower remains standing on the lots northwest corner. It is an iron base of four tiers which rises up to where the tank once sat; it was removed sometime prior to 1971. On the second through fourth stories of the base a ladder is still attached.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Schiller Piano Company and its Oregon factory were once the largest industry in Ogle County. After the company merged with Cable, the pianos they produced were considered top of the line. The historic district was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places on August 16, 2006.</p><br>
<p>The Pemberton Volcanic Belt is an eroded Oligocene-Miocene volcanic belt at a low angle near Mount Meager, British Columbia, Canada. The Garibaldi and Pemberton volcanic belts appear to merge into a single belt, although the Pemberton is older than the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt. The Pemberton Volcanic Belt is one of the geological formations comprising the Canadian Cascade Arc. It formed as a result of subduction of the former Farallon Plate.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>Features within the Pemberton Belt include:</p><br>
<p>*Mount Barr Plutonic Complex</p><br>
<p>**Mount Barr</p><br>
<p>*Chilliwack batholith</p><br>
<p>**Slesse Mountain</p><br>
<p>*Chipmunk Mountain</p><br>
<p>*Coquihalla Mountain</p><br>
<p>*Crevasse Crag</p><br>
<p>*Salal Creek Pluton</p><br>
<p>Christina Lake is a lake located along the Crowsnest Highway in the south-central area of British Columbia known as Boundary Country, which separates the Okanagan region from the West Kootenays. It is located 23 kilometers east of Grand Forks, just 1 km north of the United States border. The region experiences very hot, dry summers which results in July and early August water temperatures averaging in the 23 °C  range. Divers will experience thermoclines beginning at a depth of approximately 10 feet in the summer. The lake is renowned as the warmest tree-lined lake in British Columbia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Christina Lake was named after a Metis woman named Christina McDonald, the daughter of the Hudson&#39;s Bay Company chief factor Angus McDonald of Fort Colvile (1852–1871).</p><br>
<p>The Kettle Valley region had been inhabited by the Kettle Indians for thousands of years before the arrival of European settlers. They lived in villages along the Kettle River, leaving their legacy in pictographs on rocks along the shores of Christina Lake — visible from a boat only.</p><br>
<p>Four cabins previously used as part of a Japanese internment camp during WWII still remain as part of the Christina Lake Alpine Resort.</p><br>
<h2>Attractions</h2><br>
<p>The Trans Canada Trail, Dewdney Trail and the Kettle Valley Railway Trail all merge at the lake, attracting visitors to the area from all over. The region is frequented by hikers and bikers along the local trails in the lake area.</p><br>
<p>Vacation homes surround the lake and outdoor adventure providers cater to adventure enthusiasts. Not considered a great sport fishing lake, it is home to trout, smallmouth bass and kokanee salmon, which can be found spawning along McRae Creek and Sandner Creek each fall.</p><br>
<p>The lake has many beaches in Gladstone Provincial Park, which surrounds the entire northern half of the lake. Boat access recreation sites are available on the western shore, at various locations. Several boat access beaches offer camping, swimming and fishing on the west shore. Christina Lake Provincial Park, located at the south end of the lake is home to the largest of the public beaches. The lake is surrounded by the Christina and Rossland Ranges of the Monashee Mountains.</p><br>
<p>The area is also home to Christina Lake Golf Club, an 18-hole, 6,685 yd championship course designed by golf course architect Les Furber. The course has a rare feature, black sand traps.</p><br>
<p>The Lumber Exchange Building was the first skyscraper built in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, dating to 1885. It was designed in the Richardsonian Romanesque style by Franklin B. Long and Frederick Kees and was billed as one of the first fireproof buildings in the country. It is the oldest high-rise building standing in Minneapolis, and is the oldest building outside of New York City with 12 or more floors.</p><br>
<p>Franklin Long had formerly worked with Charles F. Haglin, while Frederick Kees had worked with Leroy Buffington for about four years. The partnership of Long and Kees, lasting from 1884 to 1897, was particularly successful and led to the construction of many of the largest buildings in the city in the 1880s and 1890s. Other buildings by these partners included the Public Library (1884), Masonic Temple (1888) (now the Hennepin Center for the Arts), Flour Exchange (1893–1897), Minneapolis City Hall (1889), and the Kasota Block (1884).</p><br>
<p>The building was built in multiple stages. Originally a tall, thin structure, an additional wing was added in 1890. Later, two stories were added at the top of the building. James Lileks, Minneapolis writer and architectural critic, says,</p><br>
<p>The Lumber Exchange Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Eldorado at 300 Central Park West, on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, is the northernmost of four twin-towered luxury housing cooperatives that face the west side of Central Park. The art deco style apartment building fills the complete blockfront extending between West 90th and West 91st Streets and overlooks the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Reservoir in Central Park.</p><br>
<p>The Eldorado is located within the Upper West Side-Central Park West Historic District designated by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, and is a contributing property to the federally designated Central Park West Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The name is an inheritance from the former El Dorado, a luxury elevator eight-story apartment block of 1902 that formerly occupied the full block-front site.</p><br>
<p>The stock market crash that followed the beginning of construction eventually overwhelmed its financing, and, by 1931, the building was in foreclosure, and the builder, Louis Klosk, a Bronx-based developer, lost it. It nevertheless opened, reorganized under the Central Park Plaza Corporation. Early tenants included New York Senator Royal Copeland, the prominent rabbi of Reform Judaism Dr. Stephen S. Wise, and Barney Pressman, founder of Barneys New York, the retail clothing store. More recent apartment owners have been Alec Baldwin, Faye Dunaway, Moby, Garrison Keillor, Tuesday Weld, and Michael J. Fox. Author Sinclair Lewis chose a tower apartment in this building because it had views which encompassed all the bridges of the city at that time. The building was also the fictional address of Marjorie Morningstar, the heroine of Herman Wouk&#39;s 1955 novel.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building has 30 floors. However, only the southernmost tower "top" is habitable, featuring a two-floor, dual-terraced penthouse. The other tower top houses a water tank, but the floors beneath are habitable. The Eldorado was constructed in 1929–1931 to the design of Margon & Holder, for the speculative builder Klosk. The painted metal finials of the towers are a design of Emery Roth, in association with Margon & Holder. "The futuristic sculptural detailing of the El Dorado, as well as its geometric ornament and patterns and its contrasting materials and textures, make it one of the finest Art Deco structures in the city. The towers are terminated by ornamented setbacks with abstract geometric spires that have been compared to Flash Gordon finials," observes Steven Ruttenbaum. Details are cast in imitation stone, and there are bronze panels of low relief. The symmetrical massing of the building, with its terraced setbacks, can be compared to the strikingly similar massing of Roth&#39;s classically detailed The Beresford, completed in 1929, months before design of The El Dorado began.</p><br>
<p>The Players, or the Players Club, is a private social club founded in New York City by the noted 19th-century Shakespearean actor Edwin Booth.</p><br>
<p>In 1888, Booth purchased an 1847 mansion at 16 Gramercy Park, reserved an upper floor for his residence, and turned the rest into a clubhouse. The building&#39;s interior and part of its exterior were designed by architect Stanford White; its entryway gaslights are among the few remaining examples in New York City. It is reportedly the oldest club in its original clubhouse</p><br>
<p>The Players serves as a social club but is also a repository of American and British theatre history, memorabilia, and theatrical artifacts. It has been reported to have the largest private collection of stage memorabilia, including costumes and weaponry, and owns portraits of its members, most notably a portrait of actor Joseph Jefferson painted by John Singer Sargent. A portrait of John Wilkes Booth, the assassin of Abraham Lincoln, hangs in Edwin Booth&#39;s suite, along with the letter Edwin wrote to the public apologizing for the actions of his brother.</p><br>
<p>Today, the club still holds "Pipe Nights" honoring theatrical notables, and maintains a kitchen and wine cellar and a billiard table in its usually busy Grill Room. In the Dining Room, filled with portraits of theatre and film notables and rare playbills from the 19th and 20th centuries, a small stage has been built where members and people of the theatre can be honored; staged readings can take place and new works tried out.</p><br>
<p>The Players also gives the prestigious "Edwin Booth Life Achievement Award" to actors who have had a long, important body of theatre and film work. Past recipients include Helen Hayes, Jose Ferrer, Garson Kanin, Christopher Plummer, Jason Robards, Jack Lemmon, and Marian Seldes. In June 2007, Angela Lansbury was the recipient, and Edward Albee received it on September 30, 2007.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Founding</h3><br>
<p>On April 14, 1865, Edwins younger brother John Wilkes, a popular actor, assassinated President Abraham Lincoln, after which the life of his family changed. In 1888, Edwin purchased the former residence of Valentine G. Hall in Gramercy Square and, perhaps inspired by Londons Garrick Club, established a social club to bring actors into contact with men of different professions such as industrialists, writers, and other creative artists.</p><br>
<p>Booth had the building redesigned, furnished, equipped, and decorated with his personal possessions. In its title, he stipulated that the building be equipped with a furnished apartment for his own undisturbed use. When completed, a series of meetings was held, and a small group of founding fathers turned the clubhouse over to newly invited members in a grand ceremony on December 31, 1888.</p><br>
<p>Booth died at the club on June 7, 1893, at the age of 59.</p><br>
<h3>20th century</h3><br>
<p>Beginning in the 1970s, widows of club members were afforded limited privileges to the club. In September 1987, the club voted to allow women to be full members, a change that allowed the Players to rent its facilities for outside functions, which it had not been allowed to do before under New York City law. Helen Hayes was admitted as the first woman member on April 23, 1989, the birthday of William Shakespeare.</p><br>
<h3>21st century</h3><br>
<p>In 2000, the New York State Attorney Generals Office launched an investigation into The Players financial dealings with the Hampden-Booth Theater Library, which occupies about a third of the clubs building, and the John Drew Fund, a charity which has its offices in the building. The allegations were that the club may have overcharged the library for building upkeep, and kept more than its appropriate share of the sale of a collection of books in 1984, using the money to help pay for a major renovation to the building. The club also borrowed money from the John Drew Fund to pay for the renovation, a loan which had not yet been paid back. The boards of the club, the library, and the fund have overlapping members, a circumstance which may have contributed to the financial irregularities. The dispute between the library and the club was settled, with neither owing the other any money; the settlement also satisfied part of the states investigation. One of the terms of the settlement was that the club would sell its John Singer Sargent portrait of Edwin Booth to raise money.</p><br>
<p>A labor dispute in 2008 came about after the club fired 16 union workers in a cost-cutting measure, replacing them with a catering company which used non-union workers. This led to several weeks of picketing of the club by the union, before an arbitrator ruled that the club had breached its agreement with the union, and the workers had to be reinstated with back pay. The club went to court, seeking to overturn the arbitrator&#39;s decision, but eventually was fined $100,000. One member was quoted as saying "The is being horribly mismanaged. Nobody knows what they are doing, and the board is a rubber stamp."</p><br>
<p>In June 2012, some members criticized the clubs leaders following allegations of financial mismanagement. The misconduct included selling one of its two paintings by John Singer Sargent for $2.5 million to pay for an estimated $650,000 in repairs to the buildings facade; awarding the construction work to the brother of one of its vice presidents; and allowing its rooms to be used by favored parties for free or nominal rates. It was reported that while about 1000 members are needed to keep the club running, the club&#39;s rolls following a recent membership drive amounted to only 625. In response, the club has been forced to cut services, assess the members a $450 fee, and borrow $2 million from a member.</p><br>
<p>In March 2013, The New York Times reported that as of the end of the fiscal year in April 2011, the club had $448,853 in losses. Reportedly, club owed Consolidated Edison $30,000, a charge that executive director John Martello denied. In addition, employees sued the club, claiming that their salaries had been paid late and that they were not given money from the year-end tip fund that they were due. At a club meeting, at which Martello narrowly survived a vote to oust him, the clubs audit committee reported that the club had been in arrears in it workers compensation insurance premium payments for 5 months, which led to a fine of $30,000. The club had also lost its access to Gramercy Park because it has not paid the $7,500 annual assessment. Although the meeting was closed to outsiders, the Times based its report on an audio recording of the meeting it had obtained. Martello was removed as executive director less than three weeks later, on April 4. Shortly afterward, three members of the clubs executive committee resigned and members circulated a petition that called upon the clubs president and two vice presidents to step down as well.</p><br>
<p>On June 19, 2013, Johnnie Planco was re-elected as President. Planco informed members at that time that the club was about $4 million in debt, and raised the possibility that their clubhouse may have to be sold; some estimates put the value of the property at more than $14 million. In addition, it has been reported that according to the New York City Department of Finance a lien has been placed against the club due to $250,000 in back taxes owed, in addition to other debts. The tax debt has been sold to a third party.</p><br>
<p>Options under consideration to ameliorate the clubs financial problems include, it has been reported, renting the clubs rooms for parties and meetings, providing the building to be used as an interior location for film shoots, and selling naming rights to the rooms. Creative partnerships with Actors Equity the Screen Actors Guild and the Directors Guild are also being pursued. In October 2013, the effort to restore the deteriorating facade of the clubs historic building was initiated, with the formation of a not-for-profit 501c3 organization, "The Players, 16 Gramercy Park South Preservation Fund, Inc."</p><br>
<p>In December 2015, the club hosted the official 30th Anniversary Celebration of the film Clue, honoring the film&#39;s screenwriter and director Jonathan Lynn with a live reenactment performance on the clubhouse stage featuring actors Zachary Levi, Michael Urie, Sarah Chase, Lauren Adams, and Brandon Uranowitz, among others.</p><br>
<p>The Players obtained a $8.5 million loan from Terrapin Lending Company to help it straighten out its financial problems without having to sell its prized artwork, including a John Singer Sargent portrait of actor Joseph Jefferson, which they loaned for a time to the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The club plans to focus on its members, including bringing in new ones, and hold fewer ticketed events aimed at the general public, according to Michael Barra, the chair of the club&#39;s managing committee and executive committee of the Board of Directors.</p><br>
<p>In 2016, The Players began a new Associate Member program, which allows access to the club until 5 p.m., at a cost considerably less than full membership.</p><br>
<h2>Membership</h2><br>
<p>Members of the Players included the local pillars of society of the day, prominent bankers, lawyers and businessmen, as well as those identified with other arts — writers, journalists, sculptors, architects and painters.</p><br>
<p>Presidents of the club have included Joseph Jefferson, who succeeded Booth as president after his death, as well as John Drew Jr, Walter Hampden, Howard Lindsay, Dennis King, Alfred Drake, Roland Winters, Jose Ferrer, Robert Lansing, John Bartholomew Tucker (pro tem), Michael Allinson and Lynn Redgrave. President Timothy Hutton resigned on June 5, 2008, because work was keeping him on the West Coast. New York producer and longtime member Herb Blodgett took his place, and in June 2010, it was announced that theatrical manager Johnnie Planco would replace him.</p><br>
<p>Some past and present notable members include: Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain), George M. Cohan, William Astor Chanler, Stanford White, Nikola Tesla, John Barrymore, Eugene ONeill, James Cagney, Gregory Peck, Alfred Lunt, Robert M. McBride, Walter Cronkite, Alexander Woollcott, Kevin Spacey, Judy Collins, Rue McClanahan, George S. Kaufman, Angela Lansbury, Sidney Poitier, Tony Bennett, Tony Roberts, Carol Burnett, Liza Minnelli, Dick Cavett, Billy Connolly, Vartan Gregorian, Hal Holbrook, George Innes, Eli Wallach, Robert Vaughn, Ben Gazzara, Christopher Plummer, Budd Schulberg, Ethan Hawke, Jimmy Fallon, Marian Seldes, Peter OToole, Rosemary Harris, Roger Moore, Russell Miller, Bill Pullman and Sidney Zion.</p><br>
<p>The longtime syndicated columnist Earl Wilson said in 1964: "Long ago a New Yorker asked the difference between the Lambs, Friars, and Players, since the membership was, at the time, predominantly from Broadway.... wit believed to have been George S. Kaufman The Players are gentlemen trying to be actors, the Lambs are actors trying to be gentlemen, and the Friars are neither trying to be both."</p><br>
<p>Černé jezero  in the Bohemian Forest is the largest and deepest natural lake in the Czech Republic.</p><br>
<p>This triangular lake surrounded with spruce forest is located about 6 km northwest of Železná Ruda under a 300-metre-high cliff on Jezerní hora (1,343 m). It is of glacial origin, a product of the Würm glaciation. The water in the lake is oligotrophic. There is a natural outflow through Černý potok, a short stream which is a tributary of the Úhlava River. The main European water divide runs across the mountain just above the lake. As a consequence, Černé jezero belongs to the water basin of the Elbe, which finds the North Sea, while Čertovo jezero just 2 km away drains into the Danube and thence the Black Sea.</p><br>
<p>The oldest pumped-storage hydroelectric plant in the Czech Republic (built 1929-1930) is located here; the lake serves as its upper reservoir.</p><br>
<h2>Role in Cold War Czech disinformation campaign</h2><br>
<p>Due to proximity of the German border (about 1 km), access to the lake was very limited during the Iron Curtain era. This was exploited by communist secret services in Operation Neptune (1964) when the Czechoslovak StB in collaboration with the Soviet KGB covertly sank cases containing old captured Nazi SS RSHA documents in the lake and subsequently "accidentally discovered" them there. This came to light in The Deception Game, published in 1972 by Ladislav Bittmann.</p><br>
<p>The Civil War Memorial, in the DeKalb County county seat of Sycamore, Illinois, United States, is located in front of the DeKalb County Courthouse on a public square. The memorial was erected in 1896 and dedicated in 1897. The structure is a memorial to the thousands of DeKalb County residents who served in the American Civil War. It incorporates an obelisk which rises to 50 feet  in height. The base is adorned with copper sculpture, completed by an unknown sculptor. On the east facade of the memorial the word "Antietam", denoting the Battle of Antietam, is misspelled. This work of public art underwent its first restoration work in 2005-2006.</p><br>
<p>The memorial is included among the 187 buildings and structures considered contributing properties to the Sycamore Historic District. The historic district was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The structure also has artistic significance as it is listed by the Smithsonian American Art Museum in their research database. It is one of the few sculptures in DeKalb County found within that database. The Civil War Memorial is owned by DeKalb County.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The DeKalb County Civil War Memorial and the sculpture that adorns it was created by an unknown sculptor and installed in front of the DeKalb County Courthouse in 1896. The county-owned memorial stands on the public square in Sycamore, the county seat and is 50 feet (15.2 m) tall.</p><br>
<p>In July 2005 the statues adorning the monument underwent a restoration. The work, the first in the 110-year history of the memorial, was completed at a cost of $16,500.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The 50-foot (15.2-m) tall memorial has base dimensions of 10 feet (3 m) by 6 feet (1.8 m).</p><br>
<p>The two copper statues, each standing 6 feet (1.8 m) tall, flank the obelisk which rises to a masonry soldier statue, instead of the typical apex of an obelisk. The figure atop the granite obelisk is a mustached American Civil War soldier dressed in a long coat, a cape, and a cap. In the figures right hand he holds the handle of his sword and the swords tip rests in front of his right foot. In the soldiers left hand is a flag. Below the apex of the obelisk, on the memorials base, are two additional sculpted figures, a Union infantry soldier and a Union cavalry soldier. The Union infantryman is dressed in a cap, long coat, and a cape, much like the figure atop the obelisk. The Union cavalryman, standing on the east side of the base, is dressed in a brimmed hat and short jacket.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The 1974 Illinois Historic Sites Survey Inventory found the DeKalb County Civil War Memorial significant in the areas of military and sculpture. At the time of the 1974 survey, the memorial was considered in "excellent" and "not altered" condition. It is also one of the few sculptures in DeKalb County that is listed in the Smithsonian American Art Museum&#39;s Smithsonian Institution Research Information System (SIRIS). The Civil War Memorial is listed as a contributing property to the Sycamore Historic District. The historic district joined the USA National Register of Historic Places on May 2, 1978. As a part of the Sycamore Historic District, the National Register classifies the DeKalb County Civil War Memorial as an "object."</p><br>
<p>The building at 302 Washington St. in Oregon, Illinois is part of trio of historic Italianate commercial buildings within the boundaries of the Oregon Commercial Historic District from 300-306 Washington. The structure acts mostly as a hallway area between the buildings at 300 Washington St. and the F.G. Jones Block. The interior and exterior have been significantly restored on all three buildings. As part of the Commercial Historic District 300 Washington Street was added to the National Register of Historic Places in August 2006.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>This two-story red brick building is detailed with limestone and sits adjacent to the F.G. Jones Block, at 304-306 Washington, and the historic building at 300 Washington. A canvas awning stretches the entire front facade, continuing along to the other two buildings connected to 302. The second-story front exterior features three windows and is heavily Italianate in its design. All three window bays are elaborately arched, the central one being taller than the two flanking bays. The hoodmolds are stone round arches with decorative keystone and impost blocks, with those on the central window being the more ornate of the three. The base of the buildings parapet is corbelled in the same red brick that makes up the rest of the exterior. At the buildings frieze are seven recessed panels with small corbelled areas of brick between.</p><br>
<p>Particularly notable is the building&#39;s rear facade. The uniform brick surface stretches evenly over all three of the structures, 302, 300 and the Jones Block. The rear facade of 302, however, features an cast-iron storefront with bulkhead panels and two storefront sash double doors. Cast-iron columns separate the storefront sash from the beams with rosettes.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building&#39;s east end was used as a theater for the showing of films in the early part of the 20th century. The building at 302 Washington became the theater after the operation at a local saloon moved there.</p><br>
<p>11th Milestone, Isle of Man  is situated between the 11th and 12th Milestone racing road-side markers on the Snaefell Mountain Course used for the Isle of Man TT races on the primary A3 Castletown to Ramsey Road which forms the boundary between the parishes of German and Michael in the Isle of Man.</p><br>
<p>The distinctive elongated S-bend corner was part of the Highland Course and Four Inch Course used for the Gordon Bennett Trial and Tourist Trophy automobile car races held in the Isle of Man between 1904 and 1922. The 11th Milestone was part of the St John&#39;s Short Course used between 1907 and 1910 and part of the Snaefell Mountain Course used since 1911 for the Isle of Man TT Races and from 1923 the Manx Grand Prix Races.</p><br>
<p>During the 1949 350 cc Junior TT race the popular amateur racer Ben Drinkwater crashed fatally at this point and the corner became known as Drinkwater&#39;s Bend, although subsequently the name became disused.</p><br>
<p>The corner was subjected to road surface repair work and re-profiling during the winter of 2005/2006 by the Department of Transport.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area is dominated by the Ballamenagh and Shoughlaige-e-Caine farmland. During 1850s, the primary A3 Road Castletown to Ramsey was re-profiled between Cronk-y-Voddy and Handley&#39;s Corner under the Isle of Man parish board system. This was to avoid marshland and steep inclines creating the distinctive elongated S-bend.</p><br>
<p>The original stone 11th milestone was sited at the corner café at Glen Helen. An iron milestone from the 1860s during the period of James Garrow as Isle of Man Surveyor-General is now situated at the northerly end of the former Drinkwaters Bend&#39; as the 13th Milestone on the primary A3 Castletown to Ramsey Road.</p><br>
<p>The current site of the 11th marker post or 11th Milestone road marker for the Snaefell Mountain Course has been placed at Cronk Bane Farmhouse on the Cronk-y-Voddy straight.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>Kutelo  is the second highest peak in Pirin, southwestern Bulgaria . Like Vihren, which towers to the south, Kutelo is marble but its slopes though sheer are not so rocky and it is not very difficult to climb. Kutelo is a double peak with a small saddle between the two parts, the lower being only one meter below the higher one, at 2,907 m. The Premkata saddle is situated to the south and leads to Vihren while to the north is the narrow karst edge Koncheto. There are no marked tracks to the summit of Kutelo, but on the slanting western slope among the rocks is nestled the track between the Vihren refuge and Yavorov refuge. This track also leads along Koncheto. In a cirque to the north east there are snow-drifts all the year.</p><br>
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<p>Arroyo de en Medio  is a 2.5 mi coastal stream in western San Mateo County, California. Arroyo de en Medio rises on the western slopes of Montara Mountain and discharges to the Pacific Ocean at Half Moon Bay at the location of the unincorporated community of Miramar at Miramar Beach. The watershed of Arroyo de en Medio consists of relatively permeable sandy soils capable of significant recharge to its aquifers, which supply considerable potable water to the local area. Arroyo is Spanish for creek; de en Medio means literally "of in between" but a closer more functional translation may be in the middle.</p><br>
<h2>Groundwater</h2><br>
<p>In the headwaters area, coarse grained decomposed granite overlies heavily fractured granitic based bedrock aquifers. This upper pocket groundwater complex feeds down-basin alluvial fan deposits on the coastal plain. These alluvial fans exhibit some characteristics of a confined aquifer, but also respond to recharge from precipitation.</p><br>
<h2>Mouth</h2><br>
<p>At the mouth of Arroyo de en Medio, the stream cuts through a flat marine terrace plain of alluvium, forming steep sided banks of approximately 40 degrees with respect to the channel floor; the channel floor is about eight meters deep relative to the bank tops. Even at the mouth, Arroyo de en Medio is considered intermittent, since the flow typically ceases in the summer months. However, there is some summer standing water in the channel near the mouth, the result of street runoff from summer irrigation and car washing. The stream mouth is clear of canopy vegetation but densely filled with sedges in a marshy setting.</p><br>
<p>The streambed at the mouth is essentially covered by water dependent plant species. These include willow (Salix sp.), sedge (Carex sp.), stream monkey flower (Mimulus sp.) and red alder (Alnus oregona). These and other riparian plants form the food resource of many faunal species, either directly or indirectly. Many orb web weaving spiders at the mouth indicates the abundance of insects utilized as prey by certain vertebrates such as salamanders, tree frogs, lizards, and many resident and migratory birds. The site is also utilized for avafaunal nesting and breeding. In the 1989 survey by Earth Metrics, no sightings of the endangered San Francisco garter snake were made, although this snake was observed at nearby Denniston Creek. The mouth reach is classified as a riparian corridor under the strict meaning defined by the San Mateo County Local Coastal Plan</p><br>
<p>Denniston Creek is a 4.4 mi coastal stream in western San Mateo County, California. Denniston Creek rises on the western slopes of Montara Mountain and discharges to the Pacific Ocean at Pillar Point Harbor somewhat north of El Granada Beach. The watershed of Denniston Creek is made up of relatively permeable sandy soils capable of significant recharge to its aquifers, which supply a moderate amount of potable water to the local area.</p><br>
<h2>Groundwater</h2><br>
<p>In the headwaters reach high on Montara Mountain, coarse grained decomposed granite overlies heavily fractured granitic based bedrock aquifers. This upper pocket groundwater complex feeds down-basin alluvial fan deposits on the coastal plain. These alluvial fans exhibit some characteristics of a confined aquifer, but also respond to pressure and recharge from precipitation.</p><br>
<h2>Mouth</h2><br>
<p>At the mouth of Denniston Creek, the stream cuts through a gently sloping marine terrace plain of alluvium. In a 1980s biological survey, sightings of the endangered San Francisco garter snake were made. Denniston Creek is within the domain of the San Mateo County Local Coastal Plan</p><br>
<p>Established in 1703, St. Michaels Church in downtown Trenton, Mercer County, New Jersey, United States, is a founding parish of the Episcopal Diocese of New Jersey. Its present building located at 140 North Warren Street was built in 1747–1748, and was renovated in 1810 and 1847–1848. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 29, 1982 as St. Michaels Episcopal Church.</p><br>
<p>Its congregation, now a mission of the Episcopal Diocese of New Jersey, has involved itself in the history and culture of the city of Trenton from its founding in 1703 to the present.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>18th century</h3><br>
<p>St. Michael&#39;s was organized as a parish in 1703 in Hopewell Township. A Church of England building was erected on "Breese Farm" in 1704. In 1708 the parish was gifted with articles from Anne, Queen of Great Britain. These articles now reside in the New Jersey State Museum.</p><br>
<p>The main sanctuary of St. Michael&#39;s Church was built 1747–1748 at its present location on North Warren Street in Trenton. The building was extensively renovated in 1810. The distinctive turrets facing Warren Street remain from the 1810 renovation, but the bell tower is no longer standing.</p><br>
<p>In 1776, due to an even split of the congregation between Revolutionary and Loyalist sympathies, the building was closed and the congregation disbanded during the American Revolutionary War. During this time, the building was used as a hospital and the churchyard was a burial ground for Hessian soldiers fighting to retain British control of the American Colonies.</p><br>
<p>Reverend William Frazer, who had been a Tory during the American Revolution, was permitted to resume his duties as rector at St. Michael&#39;s after the war. Frazer also ran a school, where his students in the early 1790s included the two oldest sons of Alexander Hamilton, Philip and Alexander Jr.</p><br>
<h3>19th century</h3><br>
<p>In 1801, St. Michaels was host to the seventh General Convention of the Episcopal Church and the site where the delegates ratified a revised version of the Anglican Churchs 39 Articles of Religion. This adaptation was thus accepted by the Protestant Episcopal Church USA, part of the Anglican Communion, yet not subject to oaths of loyalty to the British crown.</p><br>
<h3>20th century to date</h3><br>
<p>Early in the 20th century, a delegation of parishioners from St. Michael&#39;s Church were involved in the founding of Trinity Episcopal Cathedral, the current seat of the Bishop of the Diocese of New Jersey.</p><br>
<p>Notable in more recent history is the voluntary racial integration of St. Michaels in 1955 through merger with the African congregation of St. Monicas Parish, occasioned by the Episcopal Church Women of their respective congregations. Through the end of the millennium at least St. Michaels parish has remained integrated with respect to race, national origin and language; today, St. Michaels Parish remains a diverse community.</p><br>
<p>In 1973 St. Michaels became a mission of the Episcopal Diocese of New Jersey. In 2006 St. Michaels Church was awarded a $50,000 grant for an architectural feasibility study due to the history of the building and grounds. In 2015 St. Michaels Church called a Lutheran pastor, the Revd Mark David Johnson, to serve as vicar.</p><br>
<p>During 2005 and 2006 Patriot&#39;s Week re-enactments of the Battle of Trenton, Continental Army reenactors passed by the Warren Street entrance to the sanctuary, sparing the delicate plaster walls the reenactment of a legendary cannon blast.</p><br>
<h2>Sanctuaries and churchyards</h2><br>
<p>The Hopewell Sanctuary: In 1704 the Church of England building was erected on "Breese Farm" (later the site of the New Jersey State Hospital in an area which became Ewing Township, NJ, in 1834).</p><br>
<p>The North Warren Sanctuary (1748-: The principal sanctuary of St. Michaels was renovated to resemble Lambeth Palace with two turrets and a bell tower. The bell tower of St. Michaels is no longer standing, but the turrets and towers remain. Inside the main sanctuary are two Tiffany stained-glass windows.</p><br>
<p>The churchyards and their notables: The churchyards of St. Michael&#39;s contain the graves of persons notable for their contributions to the history of the United States:</p><br>
<p>The Hopewell Churchyard: Mary Trent, wife of William Trent, founder of Trenton was buried in the Hopewell Graveyard.</p><br>
<p>The North Warren (Trenton) Churchyard: In the churchyard of St. Michael&#39;s on North Warren Street, a large, granite slab with prominent Masonic insignia marks the grave of David Brearley, a New Jersey delegate to the 1787 Philadelphia Constitutional Convention, signer of the USA Constitution and first New Jersey Supreme Court Chief Justice. The niece of Napoleon Bonaparte (daughter of Joseph Bonaparte, exiled to nearby Bordentown, New Jersey) also rests in the churchyard.</p><br>
<p>Flatøy is an island in the municipality of Meland in Hordaland county, Norway. The 2.2 km&sup2; island is one of the two main islands  that make up the municipality of Meland. The island lies in the district of Nordhordland, just north of the city of Bergen. The main village on the island is Krossneset on the southern part of the island. The northern part of the island, on the southwest shore of Kvernafjord, is very sparsely inhabited.</p><br>
<p>The island is strategically located at a major transportation crossroads. It lies between the Salhus neighborhood in the city of Bergen (to the south), the island of Holsnøy (to the west), and the village of Knarvik to the east. The island is connected to these larger communities by three bridges: Nordhordland Bridge connects it to Salhus, the Krossnessundet Bridge connects it to Holsnøy, and the Hagelsund Bridge connects it to Knarvik. Since the only road connection from Bergen to Nordhordland is via the Nordhordland Bridge, Flatøy serves as the entry point to the whole Norhordland district.</p><br>
<p>The island is the home to approximately 500 inhabitants, mostly in Krossneset, and was served by a local elementary school, Flatøy Skule until it closed in 2010. The students now go to Frekhaug on Holsnøy for school. Flatøy is also home to the music festival Flatøy Rock.</p><br>
<p>Branciforte Creek is a 5.8 mi long watercourse in Santa Cruz County, California, United States. Branciforte Creek rises on the western slopes of the Santa Cruz Mountains and discharges to the San Lorenzo River, which in turn empties into the Pacific Ocean. Within the State of California Branciforte Creek is classified within the Central Coast Basin. As of the year 2002, the State of California has designated Branciforte Creek as impaired with respect to turbidity and pathogens. The Branciforte watershed consists of 6,231 acre, approximately 70 percent of which is covered with mixed evergreen forest, conifer forest and other undisturbed habitats.</p><br>
<p>In 2001 a stream restoration project was funded by the State of California to remove barriers to anadromous fish migration in Branciforte Creek, with emphasis upon enhancing juvenile migration. Ongoing flood control maintenance is performed on certain lower reaches of Branciforte Creek.</p><br>
<p>Merion Cricket Club is a private club in Haverford, Pennsylvania, founded in 1865. The current clubhouse is its sixth, the last four having been designed by Philadelphia architect Frank Furness and his partner, Allen Evans, who was also a founder of the club. The club was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1987 for its leading role in the promotion, development and continued support of cricket, golf, squash, and tennis in the United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The club was founded in October 1865 by William Montgomery and Marshall Ewing, and its first meeting held December 16, 1865. While there was some thought of converting into a baseball club due to a lack of a permanent facility, its first cricket match was held in Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, May 19, 1866. From 1873 to 1892, the club occupied grounds in Ardmore, Pennsylvania, before moving to its present grounds in Haverford. The first tennis match was held in 1881; the first golf course was laid out in 1896, with other courses in 1912 and 1914.</p><br>
<h2>Facilities</h2><br>
<p>The first clubhouse (1865–73) was an existing house in Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, on land owned by Col. Owen Jones. The second (1873–80) was an industrial building in Ardmore, Pennsylvania, about a mile southeast of the current grounds. The third (1880–92), by Furness & Evans, on Cricket Avenue in Ardmore, was destroyed by fire in 1892. The fourth (1892–96), at the present location, although backing onto Montgomery Avenue, was destroyed by fire in January 1896. The fifth (1896), backing onto Grays Lane, was destroyed by fire before its completion. The sixth (and present) clubhouse was built to the same plan as the fifth, but in stone and brick. Alexander Cassatt, a vice-president of the Pennsylvania Railroad (later PRR president), paid for the fireproof clubhouse.</p><br>
<p>On the club grounds there are indoor and outdoor tennis courts, paddle tennis courts, squash courts, a bowling alley, dining facilities and a ballroom. Seasonally, the club has croquet and cricket events.</p><br>
<p>The club also fields a football (association football) team known as the Merion C.C. Football Club. The team competes annually for The Manheim Prize, the oldest amateur soccer trophy in the United States</p><br>
<h2>Merion Golf Club</h2><br>
<p>In 1896 members of the Merion Cricket Club founded the Merion Golf Club which has hosted the USA Open five times, for the first time in 1934. In 1941, this became a separate club. The Merion Golf Club recently hosted the USA Open in 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Socialist Labor Party Hall at 46 Granite Street, Barre, Vermont was constructed in 1900. It was Barre&#39;s leading place were debates took place among anarchists, socialists, and union leaders over the future direction of the labor movement in United States in the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Located in the former Italian section of Barre, the Socialist Labor Party Hall is a two story flat-roofed brick structure with a gambrel-roofed single story rear hall. It is associated with Barre&#39;s rich ethnic heritage, specifically the vital Italian community that immigrated to Barre at the end of the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The direct association of this property with the labor movement, community, and the immigration of Italians makes it one of Barre&#39;s most important buildings. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2000 for its association with the socialist, anarchist, and labor movements, and as the only building known to have been built by volunteer members of the Socialist Labor Party.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Its design reflects no particular architectural style, but its form does illustrate the building&#39;s function as an assembly hall. The exterior is simply ornamented with Barre granite details. The most important of these is a carved medallion depicting an arm bearing a hammer, the symbol of the Socialist Labor Party, and the initials SLP.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was constructed in 1900 by volunteers of the Italian community as a meeting hall for the Socialist Labor Party, a political group dedicated to social and labor reform. The Hall provided the community with a place to meet, organize, and socialize. Dances, boxing and wrestling matches were held here. In 1901, the Co-Operative store was started in the basement to provide necessities for the community.</p><br>
<p>When the Hall opened in 1900, more than 90 percent of Barres workers belonged to one of 15 local unions, many of them probably attended union meetings and political rallies held here. From 1900 to 1936 the building held the offices and meetings of the Granite Cutters International Association, at the time the largest local union of granite workers in the country. Labors leaders such as Eugene Debs and Samuel Gompers are known to have visited Barre and, although unconfirmed, likely spoke at the Hall.</p><br>
<p>During textile strikes taking place in Lawrence, Massachusetts, the Italian community in Barre sheltered 35 children of those striking workers, all of whom were received at the Hall. During one political gathering in 1903, illustrating the sometimes volatile nature of political groups at this time, an argument broke out between socialists and anarchists, ending in the essentially random but fatal shooting of Elia Corti, a prominent Italian stone carver responsible for the panels on the Robert Burns Memorial statue in Barre.</p><br>
<p>In 1936, the Hall was sold and converted to a warehouse for The Washington Fruit Company and later the Vermont Pak Tomato company.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2000.</p><br>
<p>In 1995 the Hall was purchased by the Barre Historical Society, with much support, to restore it as a library, community meeting hall, and social club. The Labor Hall was flooded due to rain on July 10–11, 2007. Four feet of water flooded the basement, damaging walls, equipment, and the archived documents stored in the basement.</p><br>
<p>McMillan Island is an island in the Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada, also known as McMillan Slough.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>Overview</h3><br>
<p>McMillan Island is located in the lower Fraser River, north of Fort Langley and south of Maple Ridge, and separated from the former by Bedford Channel. It has a total land area of 1.78 square kilometres.</p><br>
<h3>Geology</h3><br>
<p>It is composed primarily of settled silt and debris from the Fraser River and shaped by the erosive power of the river. Geologically it was (10000 years ago) a peninsula on the shore of what is now Maple Ridge. Erosion wore down the peninsula until it became an island, although one much larger than the current McMillan Island. Once there was a channel worn between this large island and the mainland, the water flow slowed and silt and debris settled on the south side of the island, eventually connecting it to what is now Fort Langley. The water eventually broke a small section of the original island off, resulting in the current McMillan Island.</p><br>
<p>McMillan Island was, as late as the 1920s, two islands separated by a very narrow channel. The north-western island was called Brae Island, while the south-eastern was McMillan. Following the construction of Jacob Haldi Bridge across the larger Bedford channel, the upstream portion of the narrow separating channel slowly became filled by this sediment, thus combining the two islands.</p><br>
<h3>Human geography</h3><br>
<p>There is a bridge across the Bedford Channel to the island along Glover Road, the main road through both Fort Langley and McMillan Island. There are several docks on the island, including the docks from the former Albion Ferry.</p><br>
<p>About 68 hectare of McMillan Island that was previously Brae Island was acquired by the Greater Vancouver Regional District in 1995 and much of it was designated Brae Island Regional Park. Some of this land has been leased for the creation a private campground. The remaining 1.5 hectare of former Brae Island is owned by the Township of Langley.</p><br>
<p>The area that was McMillan Island prior to its joining with Brae Island is the reserve land of Kwantlen First Nation. This reserve, "McMillan Island 6", is 191 hectare in size and the largest and most populated of the First Nations seven reserves. In 2016, the reserve is was home to approximately 94 people, and there are 22 private dwellings and the Kwantlen Nations Band Office.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Kwantlen territory</h3><br>
<p>The island is a part of the Kwantlen First Nations traditional territory. This reserve is the location of their main village which relocated here once Fort Langley was built, partly to dominate trade with the fort and also for protection from attack under the shelter of the forts guns. Their former main village was at Qayqyat, or Kikait, opposite New Westminster on the Frasers southeast bank there, at a location also known as Brownsville in todays Bridgeview neighbourhood of the City of Surrey.</p><br>
<p>Their territory overlaps with that of the Kwikwetlem, Tsawwwasen and Katzie nations, and extends up the Fraser as far as the Stave River; beyond that is the territory of the Matsqui nation. Most of the band&#39;s reserves are on the north bank of the Fraser.</p><br>
<h3>Albion Ferry</h3><br>
<p>A dock on the north side of the island was formerly the southern-bank terminus of the Albion Ferry. However, with the opening of the Golden Ears Bridge, ferry service has ceased.</p><br>
